Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis is the process that allows plants to capture energy from sunlight to create sugars which store energy for the plant. The plant absorbs visible light through its leavs which contain chloroplasts. This is where photosynthesis takes place.
Chlorophyll
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Inside the leaves is a substance called chlorophyll. This is used to absorb the energy in visible light. Chlorophyll is also the reason why most plants have their green color because they reflect green light.
Electron Transport Chain
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This chain is a series of proteins in the membrane of the thylakoids. This is used to transport electrons for photosynthesis.
Calvin Cycle
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The Calvin Cycle uses CO2 gas from the atmosphere and the energy from ATP and NADPH to create the simple sugars needed for the plant. This process can't take place without ATP.